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Course 4 · Lesson 3

Geometry: Proofs & Theorems

Geometry proofs build logical reasoning skills used in all of mathematics. Learn the key theorems about angles, triangles, and parallel lines — and practice constructing arguments.

Key Concepts

Two-Column Proofs

A proof has Statements (what we claim is true) and Reasons (the rule that justifies it). Common reasons: Given, Definition, Postulate, Theorem, Algebra Properties.

Parallel Lines & Transversals

When a transversal cuts two parallel lines: alternate interior angles are equal, corresponding angles are equal, co-interior (same-side) angles are supplementary (sum to 180°).

Triangle Theorems

Triangle Angle Sum: angles sum to 180°. Exterior Angle: equals sum of the two non-adjacent interior angles. Pythagorean Theorem: a²+b²=c² for right triangles.

Congruence & Similarity

Congruent triangles have same shape & size (SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS). Similar triangles have same shape, proportional sides (AA, SAS~, SSS~). Scale factor = ratio of corresponding sides.

Live Python Practice

Interactive Lab

Triangle Angle Sum = 180° always. Adjust angles A and B — angle C fills in automatically.

Check Your Understanding

When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, alternate interior angles are:

The exterior angle of a triangle equals:

Two triangles are congruent by SAS if they share:

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